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Extinction of species



Maybe this is the last chance to see some species like the Grizzly Bear or the Mexican Gray Wolf, maybe it’s time to shot the last photos and hang them up on a wall.

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According to the steps of evolution, Gender Homo arose around 2 million years ago. This primate throve in a way never seen before, due to an amazing ability of adaptation. Using Earth’s resources, has been “conquering” the privilege of dwell such a single planet as ours.

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That’s it, we did it! We survive through many Ice Ages, Vulcan eruptions, Earthquakes … but maybe our fate is inside of us, as specie.

The status Quo that we conquered can hardly be defeated unless, of course, by our hands. The hands that once built stone swords, archeries, helmets… can now lay waste our entire civilization.

Everyone should be concerned with Global Warming issues, but also with Extinction.

We must face it, it’s inevitable, just take a look: Darwin wrote that the environment change and the more adaptable beings to an environment thrive, the ones who have favorable characteristics perpetuate their genes. The whole problem lies in the fact that we, acting like we are, are changing the parameters of selection, we are making the role of “nature”, inducing an artificial selection instead of a natural. That’s what’s happening.

Poachers, habitat destruction… all contributing to an end.

What’s necessary to know is that the Food Chains are complex and intrinsically connected. If you induce a perturbation inside a system that lies calm what will happen? it (the perturbation) will be spread throughout the system (what once was organized becomes unorganized) and you can ask: Why that happens? Because the constituent particles of the system are intrinsically connected, the agitation’s movement is spread to the neighbor’s particles and so long.

In Nature, Food Chains are systems, and we induce perturbations into the systems, although there are natural induced perturbations because Nature isn’t a static system, isn’t unchangeable.

You can see that interaction in the next example: Some area is destroyed by a Wildfire. With the loss of grass, trees, etc, herbivores start to starve and many of them die, others migrate to some localization. The carnivores of that area, following the sequence of happenings, start to starve too, although in the earlier months there are huge amounts of meat, due to herbivore’s death, and they not starve at all. Only a few months later they start to die too. Man, well, if were ancient times, we would have to search in another place for a meal or we would die the same way too. Actually, is unimaginable to think that we would die, that’s globalization! Although, if you change the scale: imagine that happening not as a single case but as a global, these events happening throughout the globe due to Greenhouse effect, for example, associating with fire kindled by humans, the scenario would look different, wouldn’t? it’s all about the immediate consequences. We haven’t cultivated the ability to see farther than tomorrow, next week, and that’s a problem.

The biodiversity is fragile and so are we. Today, we can be seen as winners above many diseases, today not tomorrow, we can destroy what took so long to conquer.

What’s the purpose of destroying trees without any concerns about the ecosystems, without any restrictions and without none plantation? Well, it’s simple, money. Everyone knows, at least most of us, that flora is a key piece in life (Who can live without oxygen? ...). Seems that photosynthesis is not a subject worthy of investment.

Protected areas: here lies the true irony of our times, man is so incontrollable that’s necessary build “Big” jails to protect beings that are endangered. You say: “you can’t do that, you must stop!” and he/she says “No!”, Who are the animals right now?

If man is so superior comparatively to the other beings, as some say, shouldn't the mind control the body? I mean, shouldn’t they analyze rationally first and then act? The most evolved brain we have but so little use it has.

Something must be cleared up: the campaigns around the world about Global Warming effects and, in general, about nature issues are, most of times, aggressive and shocking because it’s the only way out of, for some people, a state of unconsciousness.

All the changes have their effects and their influence. The influence must be made, minds must change because the survival of all ecosystems depends on that.

There are no time for “green” prejudices “He/She’s totally crazy, activist! Get out of my way”. The one’s desires, being wrong, can vanish forever our chances to make it through.

Some endangered beings: nationalgeographic.com


Posted by Immuniselectrun at 08:13

Leap second – 2008 was one second longer

UTC (Universal time standard) is an atomic time scale based on the metallic element cesium’s atom, which irradiate microwaves light about nine billion times per second, ticking the time with an extremely precision.

Zero hours UTC equals to midnight at Greenwich, England. From Greenwich’s meridian (0° longitude) each 15° corresponds to an hour (for the left, GTM-1 hour, for the right, GTM+1).

Since 1972, this was the 24th time to be added to UTC.

Why?

The real reason for the addition of a leap second is the fact that Earth spins a little bit lower each year due to tides and internal processes, what create a gap between the two scales and so the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Device (IERS) monitors this difference and periodically inserts a leap second to keep the two in a proximal sync. Basically, it’s the way used to link the rotational time to a time scale.

It should be abolished? What are its benefits?

Read more in nationalgeographics

Posted by Immuniselectrun at 12:29

Hall of fame

Louis Pasteur

Birthday date: 27th December, 1822

The truth is surprising: as young, Louis Pasteur was a lazy student. His teachers never thought he was quite clever, as ahead he would show.

He studied physics and chemistry in Paris and chemistry was even the discipline in which we got a lower grade. Despite of that, later, He became a wise teacher and was one of the bigger scientists of ever, a genius of science. Only through one huge thirst of knowledge and an inexhaustible will of work the immortality was conquered and the death was defeated.

Facing all the expectations, the success arrived much early. With twenty six years he discovered the secret of crystals and a few time later he realized that the air we breathe it’s full of very small beings, He called them the invisible giants. Perhaps Pasteur already knew that these beings, apparently armless, were responsible for much part of the diseases shown in living beings. For sure he knew that the microorganisms used to enter in our organism with the purpose of unleash diseases. It was not easy to prove such theory in a time when all scientists thought that microorganisms were fruit of our own organism and not from outside. He wouldn’t give up anyway, He even bottled air to prove it, under the laugh of his colleagues , of course they didn’t even guess that what he was doing would become indispensable to his theory: none living being, including microorganisms, can appear in the world without descend from at least other of the same specie. In the course of his experiences, Pasteur could show up that microorganisms live in the air and reproduce themselves, entering in our body when they “feel” we are weakened and is the best shot to take. This was a very important discovery but his greatest feat, vaccine, would take more time to be created.

Before it, he helped the French farmers, solving a big problem: the quick sourness of wine. He observed microscopically the wine and found some kind of very short vegetation, called yeasts. Therefore, the yeasts were spoiling the wine, making it vinegary. Pasteur understood that wasn’t possible to take out those little creatures, they had to be killed and the only possible way: heat them up. The problem lied in the fact that the wine couldn’t heat up to high temperatures because it would change its quality. Persistent, Pasteur made a lot of experiences and found the solution: it was only necessary rise the wine’s temperature about sixty degrees centigrade to kill the microorganisms. These experiences gave rise to a much known process called pasteurization.

Pasteur was, undoubtedly, a chemistry genius and started to be called to solve the riddles that more nobody could. There was even a time when he was asked to find the origin of a plague which was killing thousands of silkworms. Pasteur, after some research, figured out that the butterfly was transmitting to her own eggs the disease and hence died so many of them. It was necessary to exterminate all larvae, butterflies and eggs which weren’t healthy. He had saved the French Industry of Silk and now, he’s stories of success were told not only in France but also abroad.

Modest, simple and not vain, Pasteur used to say that he only worked to help mankind. But, the fact of two of his sons have died with typhoid fever explain the dedication to Medicine and to studies about diseases caused by microorganisms.

Carbuncle was one of the first diseases studied by Pasteur. In that time, were dying many animals, mostly sheep due this disease. He discovered the responsible microorganism and made an experience: vaccinated twenty five sheep with the germ which caused the disease and left other twenty five sheep for vaccinate. Then he infected them all with the microorganism which made they feel sick. Happened that all vaccinated sheep survived and the others died. This was the first success of vaccination. However, he refused money to patent the medicine.

He wondered if would be worthwhile try to apply the same principles in the cure of human diseases. About 1880 Pasteur started to study the rage disease (affect animals, especially dogs, and normally is transmitted to humans by a nibble). Firstly, he discovered the rage virus. Then he used its “good” part to create an antidote and transformed it into a vaccine. Later, He started to inoculate it in the dogs but he didn’t have the courage to do the same in humans, until when on 6th July, 1885, a woman knocked on his door. She was carrying a boy with nine years old that was bitten by a dog fourteen times. The mother begged him to heal her son but the scientist didn’t want to experiment the serum in the kid named Joseph Meister because so far he never had used the vaccine in humans. However, once there was no other solution, eventually the kid would die with or without the inoculation, he applied the first of twelve anti-rage vaccines. During many weeks, the scientist and boy’s family feared the worst but in the end, Joseph Meister survived. From that time, people that had been bitten by raged dogs started to go to his laboratory asking for help. They came from different places of France and even from abroad although doctors didn’t recognize the worthwhile of Pasteur, what’s unthinkable, even because before his investigations, the only medicine available against rage was a spike in hot coal to burn the dog’s bite.

The vaccines were a huge triumph to medicine. Without them it’s difficult even think in survival.

Pasteur Institute:

The success of anti-rage vaccine was so enormous that the French Academy of Sciences decided to build one Institution dedicated only to laboratorial investigation. The Pasteur Institute was established in 1888 and is nowadays one of the most known centers of scientific investigation.

Curiosity – The HIV virus was isolated for the first time in these laboratories. This Institution without profitable ends was presided by Louis Pasteur until his death (28th September, 1895) and has a team of scientists that globally has eight Nobel Prizes in Medicine.

Microscope:

Nobody knows for sure who created it. Generally, its invention is attributed to Hans Janssen, Dutch glasses manufacturer, and his son Zacarias, in the year of 1590. However, will have been the Dutch Anton van Leeuwenhoek, that lived between 1632 and 1723, who made the first microscopic observations. He was a textile trader that used to mount lends. It was precisely through curved glasses that he mounted in a rudimental microscope that he saw little creatures which were walking along the drops of rain, vinegar and saliva. He was not a scientist but woke up the interest of scientific community. The first microscope had only one lend and so it couldn´t amplify very much.